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In brief, case study method is being used in several disciplines. Even management experts use case study methods for getting clues to several management problems. Similarly, anthropologists, historians, novelists and dramatists have used this method concerning problems pertaining to their areas of interests. William Healy resorted to this method in his study of juvenile delinquency, and considered it as a better method over and above the mere use of statistical data. Herbert Spencer was the first to use case material in his comparative study of different cultures. The credit for introducing this method to the field of social investigation goes to Frederic Le Play who used it as a hand-maiden to statistics in his studies of family budgets. In its absence, generalised social science may get handicapped.Įvolution and scope: The case study method is a widely used systematic field research technique in sociology these days. Case study method results in fruitful hypotheses along with the data which may be helpful in testing them, and thus it enables the generalised knowledge to get richer and richer.Under case study method the behaviour pattern of the concerning unit is studied directly and not by an indirect and abstract approach.In respect of the case study method an effort is made to know the mutual inter-relationship of causal factors.The objective of the study may be to suggest ways to reform the criminal. For instance, under this method we not only study how many crimes a man has done but shall peep into the factors that forced him to commit crimes when we are making a case study of a man as a criminal. As such, case study deepens our perception and gives us a clear insight into life. Every possible effort is made to collect information concerning all aspects of life. Mere quantitative information is not collected. Under this method the approach happens to be qualitative and not quantitative.Through this method we try to understand the complex of factors that are operative within a social unit as an integrated totality. In the context of this method we make complete study of the social unit covering all facets.Generally, the study extends over a long period of time to ascertain the natural history of the unit so as to obtain enough information for drawing correct inferences. Here the selected unit is studied intensively i.e., it is studied in minute details.Under this method the researcher can take one single social unit or more of such units for his study purpose he may even take a situation to study the same comprehensively.The important characteristics of the case study method are as under: Young describes case study as “a comprehensive study of a social unit be that unit a person, a group, a social institution, a district or a community.” In brief, we can say that case study method is a form of qualitative analysis where in careful and complete observation of an individual or a situation or an institution is done efforts are made to study each and every aspect of the concerning unit in minute details and then from case data generalisations and inferences are drawn. Burgess has used the words “the social microscope” for the case study method.” Pauline V. Odum, “The case study method of data collection is a technique by which individual factor whether it be an institution or just an episode in the life of an individual or a group is analysed in its relationship to any other in the group.” Thus, a fairly exhaustive study of a person (as to what he does and has done, what he thinks he does and had done and what he expects to do and says he ought to do) or group is called a life or case history.
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Case study method of Data CollectionĪccording to H. The object of the case study method is to locate the factors that account for the behaviour-patterns of the given unit as an integrated totality. Thus, case study is essentially an intensive investigation of the particular unit under consideration. The case study deals with the processes that take place and their interrelationship.
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The case study places more emphasis on the full analysis of a limited number of events or conditions and their interrelations. It is a method of study in depth rather than breadth. Meaning: The case study method is a very popular form of qualitative analysis and involves a careful and complete observation of a social unit, be that unit a person, a family, an institution, a cultural group or even the entire community.